V. Markovnikov

Markovnikov was a Russian chemist who lived from 1838 to 1904. He studied at Kazan University and later went back to teach there. During his lifetime he was able to study chemistry and work in a laboratory know as "the cradle of Russian organic chemistry." His major accomplishment was made in 1869 in discovering the Markovnikov rule. This is very useful in predicting products in addition reactions. Markovnikov contributed to the structure of cyclic molecules. He also discovered that isobutyric and butyric acids are isomers. He is also discovered the four carbon ring and the seven carbon ring. Before this it was believed that there was only a six carbon ring. He did most of research with organic chemistry. As you can see he made a lot of discoveries in his chemistry research.

Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov was born on December 22, 1838, in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He studied under Butlerov in Kazan and St. Petersburg. He had contributed to the field of organic chemistry by his discovery of the four-carbon ring in 1879, and the seven-carbon ring in 1889. He was best unknown for "predicting the regiochemistry of addition reactions of hydrogen halides, sulfuric acid, water, ammonia, etc. to unsymmetrical alkenes. This is known as the Markovnikov Rule, which he developed in 1869." Another important finding was that butyric and isobutyric acids are isomers of each other because they differ only in their structure, while sharing the exact same chemical formula. He passed away in February 1904, Moscow, Russia.

Vladimir Markovnikov, he lived from 1838 to 1904. He was a famous Russian scientist who developed the Markovnikov Rule in 1869. The rule is useful in addition reactions. He later discovered the four-carbon ring and the seven-carbon ring. Another finding he made was that butyric and isobutyric acids are isomers of each other. He became a chemistry professor at Moscow University from 1873 to 1893.

Vladimir Vasilevich MARKOVNIK - http://www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk/PMF/Chemistry/chemists/markovnikov.htm

Vladimir Markovnikov was a Russian chemist who lived from 1838 until 1904. He studied at Kazan University under Butlerov and later came back to teach there. He also studied under Erlenmeyer and Kolbe . He came up with the idea of the Markovnikov Rule in 1869. The rule is very useful in predicting products in addition reactions. Markovnikov contributed to the structure of cyclic molecules. He also discovered that isobutyric and butyric acids are isomers. (3)

3http://www.pmf.ukim.edu/PMF/Chemistry/chemists/markovnikov/htm 9/25/03

Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov was born in Nizhny, Novgorod Russia on December 22, 1838. He contributed to the field of organic chemistry by his discovery of the four-carbon ring in 1879, and the seven-carbon ring in 1889. It was the belief, prior to these discoveries, that carbon rings only existed with six carbons. Marknikov is also responsible for a rule that predicts the molecular structure of the products of addition reactions. This rule was named the Markovnikov Rule and is used quite often by those in the chemistry field. Another important finding was that butyric and isobutyric acids are isomers of each other because they differ only in their structure, while sharing the exact same chemical formula.

Reference: Zdravkovski, Z, Vladimir Vasilevich MARKOVNIKOV, February 18, 1997, http://www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk/PMF/Chemistry/chemists/markovnikov.htm (09/23/03).

Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov is a Russian organic chemist born on 22 Dec 1838 and died in Feb 1904. In 1869 while studying addition reactions, he noticed a trend in the structure of the favored product. This trend is called the Markovnikov Rule, and it states that in the addition of HX to an alkene, hydrogen adds to the carbon with the most hydrogen atoms, and X adds to the carbon with the most alkyl groups. It is also popularly stated as “Them that has – gits”. The Markovnikov Rule is known as an empirical rule, which is a useful aid for predicting experimental results.

Reference:

Chemical Reactivity, URL http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/ addene1.htm (9-24-03).

Today in Science History, URL http://www.todayinsci.com/cgi-bin/indexpage.pl?http://www.todayinsci.com/
12/12_22.htm (9-24-03).

Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov (Markowinkoff) was born in December 22, 1838 in Nizhny, Russia and died February 1904 in Moscow, Russia. During his lifetime he was able to study chemistry and work in a laboratory know as “the cradle of Russian organic chemistry.” The location with such a name is Kazan University, where he studied under Butlerov and also returned to teach later. His other places of study include St. Petersburg and Germany, where he studied under Erlenmeyer and Kolbe.^[i] When he became a professor he was colleagues with such great minds as Alexander Zaitsev and taught students such as A. Arbuzov and S. Reformatsky. Markovnikov is best know for noticing a pattern in the addition reactions of hydrogen halides to unsymmetrical alkenes. Developed in 1869, this is know as the Markovnikov Rule which is useful in predicting the molecular structures of products in addition reactions. He also proved that not only six-atomed rings can exist, which was the thought at the time, by preparing structures with four and seven carbon atoms. Markovnikov is also acclaimed for showing that butyric and isobutyric acids have the same chemical formula but different structures and are therefore isomers.¹

Markovnikov worked with reactions of alkenes, and came up with a rule that states "When an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogens, and the halogen adds to the carbon having fewer hydrogens." This rule is very important when studying the mechanisms of reactions of alkenes.

In 1945 Alexander Erminingeldovich Arbuzov founded and headed the chemical institute of Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The institute received universal acknowledgement owing to the works of a group of chemistry researchers in which Vladimir Markovnikov was a part of. Markovnikov’s rule states that “ when an unsymmetrical alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide to give an alkyl halide, the hydrogen adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen substituents, and the halogen to the carbon have the fewer number of hydrogen substituents. Markovnikov’s rule also included regiochemistry, which are the specific carbons of the alkene to which the H and the X attach.

Vladimir Markovnikov attended Russia’s Kazan University and had Alexander Butlerov as his chemistry teacher. Markovnikov became Butlerov’s teacher assistant in 1860. In 1869, while working on his doctoral thesis, he developed the theory of chemical structure experimentally and theoretically. A year later, he developed Markovnikov’s Rule, which states that when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen-halide, the hydrogen goes to the carbon with the most hydrogens and the halogen goes to the carbon with the least hydrogens. Markovnikov also studied the composition of petroleum hydrocarbons to see if it has any practical use. He became a chemistry professor at Moscow University from 1873 to 1893.

Vladimir Markovnikov was born on December 22, 1838 in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He graduated in 1860 after studying with Butlerov in Kazan and in St. Petersburg. Following two years in Germany, he returned to Russia where he replaced Butlerov at the Kazan University. Markovnikov died in February of 1904 in Moscow, Russia.

Markovnikov’s major contribution to the field of chemistry was in predicting the regiochemistry of the addition of a hydrogen halide to alkenes. He theorized that when an alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen from the hydrogen halide will add on to the carbon of the alkene that has the greatest number of hydrogens. Furthermore, the halogen from the hydrogen halide will add on to the carbon of the alkene with the lower number of hydrogens.

In addition, Markovnikov discovered that in cyclic molecules, four and seven carbon atom rings are possible structures along with six atom rings. He also found butyric and isobutyric acids to be isomers because they possess the same chemical formula but have different structures.